GDP Calculator
Calculate Gross Domestic Product and economic indicators
GDP Components (Expenditure Method)
Additional Economic Data
Gross Domestic Product
Expenditure Approach: C + I + G + (X - M)
GDP Per Capita
Population: 330M
Labor Productivity
GDP per worker
Trade Balance
Deficit
GDP Composition
Key Economic Indicators
Employment Rate
96.5%
Savings Rate
15.8%
Trade/GDP Ratio
28.9%
Investment/GDP
18.4%
How it works
Gross Domestic Product measures the total value of goods and services an economy produces. The expenditure approach adds up everything spent: household consumption, business investment, government spending, and net exports (exports minus imports).
GDP (expenditure approach)
GDP = C + I + G + (X − M)
- C
- consumer spending
- I
- business investment
- G
- government spending
- X − M
- exports minus imports (net exports)
Worked example
- C = $14T, I = $4T
- G = $4T, X − M = −$1T
- GDP = 14 + 4 + 4 + (−1)
GDP = $21 trillion.
Good to know
- Nominal GDP uses current prices; real GDP strips out inflation to compare across years.
- GDP per capita (GDP ÷ population) better reflects living standards than the total.
- It counts market activity, so it misses unpaid work and says nothing about distribution.
Related Calculators
Frequently Asked Questions
How is GDP calculated with the expenditure approach?
GDP = C + I + G + (X − M): consumer spending plus business investment plus government spending plus net exports (exports minus imports). It totals the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a period.
What's the difference between nominal and real GDP?
Nominal GDP uses current prices, so it rises with inflation even if output doesn't. Real GDP holds prices constant at a base year, isolating actual changes in production — which is why growth rates are almost always quoted in real terms.
What is GDP per capita?
GDP divided by population. It's a rough proxy for average living standards and is far more useful than total GDP when comparing countries of different sizes, though it says nothing about how income is distributed.
What is the GDP deflator?
The deflator is the ratio of nominal to real GDP × 100, measuring the overall price level of everything produced domestically. Unlike CPI, which tracks a fixed consumer basket, the deflator covers all domestically produced goods and services.
What doesn't GDP measure?
GDP omits unpaid work (childcare, housework), the informal economy, leisure time, income inequality, and environmental costs. A country can post strong GDP growth while well-being or sustainability deteriorates, so economists pair it with other indicators.