Titanium (Ti)
Element 22 · Transition metal · atomic mass 47.867 u · group 4, period 4
Electron shells: 2, 8, 10, 2
Titanium has the best strength-to-weight ratio of any metal and shrugs off seawater and chlorine. Its oxide is the brightest white pigment known.
Titanium is so biocompatible that living bone will bond directly to it.
- Atomic number
- 22
- Atomic mass
- 47.867 u
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 4s² 3d²
- Group · period · block
- 4 · 4 · d
- Oxidation states
- +2, +3, +4
- Electronegativity
- 1.54 (Pauling)
- Melting point
- 1,668 °C
- Boiling point
- 3,287 °C
- Density
- 4.5 g/cm³
- State at 20 °C
- Solid
- Appearance
- Silvery-grey metal
- Discovered
- William Gregor, 1791
22 protons, and 22 electrons when neutral
IUPAC standard atomic weight
Titanium group
What Titanium is used for
- Aircraft and spacecraft structures
- Medical and dental implants
- Titanium dioxide white pigment
- Marine and chemical plant hardware
Atomic structure of Titanium
A neutral titanium atom has 22 protons and 22 electrons. Its most common isotope carries about 26 neutrons, which is where the mass number 48 comes from. Change the neutron count and you have a different isotope of titanium; change the proton count and you have a different element entirely.
Those electrons fill shells from the inside out: 2, 8, 10, 2. In orbital notation that is [Ar] 4s² 3d². As a d-block element its valence count is variable, which is why it can form compounds in several oxidation states.
3D electron orbitals
See where Titanium's electrons actually are — a cloud of 26,000 points sampled from the probability density |ψ|², not a cartoon of a lobe.
Where Titanium sits in the periodic table
Discovery and naming
Titanium was discovered by William Gregor in 1791. Its name comes from The Titans of Greek mythology.
Keep exploring
Atomic weight from IUPAC/CIAAW; physical properties from PubChem (US National Library of Medicine). Values that have never been measured are shown as “not measured” rather than estimated.
Related Calculators
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the atomic mass of Titanium?
The standard atomic weight of Titanium is 47.867 u, as published by IUPAC's Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights.
How many protons, neutrons and electrons does Titanium have?
Titanium has 22 protons, because the atomic number is the proton count and that is what makes an atom Titanium at all. A neutral Titanium atom has the same number of electrons, 22. The neutron count varies by isotope; the most common one has about 26, since 48 − 22 = 26.
What is the electron configuration of Titanium?
The electron configuration of Titanium is [Ar] 4s² 3d². Its electrons are arranged 2, 8, 10, 2 across 4 shells.
Is Titanium a metal?
Yes. Titanium is classified as a transition metal, on the metallic side of the table.
What group and period is Titanium in?
Titanium is in group 4 (the titanium group), period 4, in the d-block. The group is its column and the period is its row.
What is the charge of Titanium?
Titanium most commonly forms a 4+ or 3+ ion. Like most transition metals it has several accessible oxidation states, so the charge depends on the compound. Across all its compounds it shows oxidation states of +2, +3, +4.
What is the melting point of Titanium?
Titanium melts at 1,668 °C and boils at 3,287 °C. That puts it in the solids at everyday temperatures.
What is Titanium used for?
Aircraft and spacecraft structures, Medical and dental implants, Titanium dioxide white pigment, Marine and chemical plant hardware. Titanium has the best strength-to-weight ratio of any metal and shrugs off seawater and chlorine.
Who discovered Titanium, and where does its name come from?
Titanium (Ti) was discovered by William Gregor in 1791. The name comes from The Titans of Greek mythology.