Density of the Elements

Density for every element in g/cm³, with the g/L equivalent for gases.

Density is not a clean periodic property. It depends on the mass of the atom and on how tightly the crystal packs, at the same time, so it does not rise and fall in neat waves the way electronegativity does. The broad pattern is still obvious at a glance: the densest elements cluster in the middle of periods 5 and 6, where heavy nuclei meet small atomic radii.

Reading the table

Everything is in g/cm³, the usual unit for solids and liquids, so the column stays comparable top to bottom.
Gases carry a g/L figure in brackets. It is the same number times 1,000 and it is how gas densities are normally quoted — hydrogen's 0.00008988 g/cm³ is 0.08988 g/L.
Conditions matter. Solids and liquids at room temperature, gases at 0 °C and 1 atm.

The extremes

The five densest elements are Osmium (22.57), Iridium (22.42), Platinum (21.46), Rhenium (20.8), Neptunium (20.25) g/cm³ — the first four are transition metals from the bottom of the d-block, packed tightly by the lanthanide contraction. The lightest solids are Lithium (0.534), Potassium (0.89), Sodium (0.97) g/cm³ — all three are alkali metals, and all three are light enough to float on water.

Density of every element
#	Element	Density	State at 20 °C	Group
1	HHydrogen	0.00008988 g/cm³ (0.08988 g/L)	Gas	1
2	HeHelium	0.0001785 g/cm³ (0.1785 g/L)	Gas	18
3	LiLithium	0.534 g/cm³	Solid	1
4	BeBeryllium	1.85 g/cm³	Solid	2
5	BBoron	2.37 g/cm³	Solid	13
6	CCarbon	2.267 g/cm³	Solid	14
7	NNitrogen	0.0012506 g/cm³ (1.2506 g/L)	Gas	15
8	OOxygen	0.001429 g/cm³ (1.429 g/L)	Gas	16
9	FFluorine	0.001696 g/cm³ (1.696 g/L)	Gas	17
10	NeNeon	0.0008999 g/cm³ (0.8999 g/L)	Gas	18
11	NaSodium	0.97 g/cm³	Solid	1
12	MgMagnesium	1.74 g/cm³	Solid	2
13	AlAluminum	2.7 g/cm³	Solid	13
14	SiSilicon	2.3296 g/cm³	Solid	14
15	PPhosphorus	1.82 g/cm³	Solid	15
16	SSulfur	2.067 g/cm³	Solid	16
17	ClChlorine	0.003214 g/cm³ (3.214 g/L)	Gas	17
18	ArArgon	0.0017837 g/cm³ (1.7837 g/L)	Gas	18
19	KPotassium	0.89 g/cm³	Solid	1
20	CaCalcium	1.54 g/cm³	Solid	2
21	ScScandium	2.99 g/cm³	Solid	3
22	TiTitanium	4.5 g/cm³	Solid	4
23	VVanadium	6 g/cm³	Solid	5
24	CrChromium	7.15 g/cm³	Solid	6
25	MnManganese	7.3 g/cm³	Solid	7
26	FeIron	7.874 g/cm³	Solid	8
27	CoCobalt	8.86 g/cm³	Solid	9
28	NiNickel	8.912 g/cm³	Solid	10
29	CuCopper	8.933 g/cm³	Solid	11
30	ZnZinc	7.134 g/cm³	Solid	12
31	GaGallium	5.91 g/cm³	Solid	13
32	GeGermanium	5.323 g/cm³	Solid	14
33	AsArsenic	5.776 g/cm³	Solid	15
34	SeSelenium	4.809 g/cm³	Solid	16
35	BrBromine	3.11 g/cm³	Liquid	17
36	KrKrypton	0.003733 g/cm³ (3.733 g/L)	Gas	18
37	RbRubidium	1.53 g/cm³	Solid	1
38	SrStrontium	2.64 g/cm³	Solid	2
39	YYttrium	4.47 g/cm³	Solid	3
40	ZrZirconium	6.52 g/cm³	Solid	4
41	NbNiobium	8.57 g/cm³	Solid	5
42	MoMolybdenum	10.2 g/cm³	Solid	6
43	TcTechnetium	11 g/cm³	Solid	7
44	RuRuthenium	12.1 g/cm³	Solid	8
45	RhRhodium	12.4 g/cm³	Solid	9
46	PdPalladium	12 g/cm³	Solid	10
47	AgSilver	10.501 g/cm³	Solid	11
48	CdCadmium	8.69 g/cm³	Solid	12
49	InIndium	7.31 g/cm³	Solid	13
50	SnTin	7.287 g/cm³	Solid	14
51	SbAntimony	6.685 g/cm³	Solid	15
52	TeTellurium	6.232 g/cm³	Solid	16
53	IIodine	4.93 g/cm³	Solid	17
54	XeXenon	0.005887 g/cm³ (5.887 g/L)	Gas	18
55	CsCesium	1.93 g/cm³	Solid	1
56	BaBarium	3.62 g/cm³	Solid	2
57	LaLanthanum	6.15 g/cm³	Solid	f
58	CeCerium	6.77 g/cm³	Solid	f
59	PrPraseodymium	6.77 g/cm³	Solid	f
60	NdNeodymium	7.01 g/cm³	Solid	f
61	PmPromethium	7.26 g/cm³	Solid	f
62	SmSamarium	7.52 g/cm³	Solid	f
63	EuEuropium	5.24 g/cm³	Solid	f
64	GdGadolinium	7.9 g/cm³	Solid	f
65	TbTerbium	8.23 g/cm³	Solid	f
66	DyDysprosium	8.55 g/cm³	Solid	f
67	HoHolmium	8.8 g/cm³	Solid	f
68	ErErbium	9.07 g/cm³	Solid	f
69	TmThulium	9.32 g/cm³	Solid	f
70	YbYtterbium	6.9 g/cm³	Solid	f
71	LuLutetium	9.84 g/cm³	Solid	f
72	HfHafnium	13.3 g/cm³	Solid	4
73	TaTantalum	16.4 g/cm³	Solid	5
74	WTungsten	19.3 g/cm³	Solid	6
75	ReRhenium	20.8 g/cm³	Solid	7
76	OsOsmium	22.57 g/cm³	Solid	8
77	IrIridium	22.42 g/cm³	Solid	9
78	PtPlatinum	21.46 g/cm³	Solid	10
79	AuGold	19.282 g/cm³	Solid	11
80	HgMercury	13.5336 g/cm³	Liquid	12
81	TlThallium	11.8 g/cm³	Solid	13
82	PbLead	11.342 g/cm³	Solid	14
83	BiBismuth	9.807 g/cm³	Solid	15
84	PoPolonium	9.32 g/cm³	Solid	16
85	AtAstatine	7 g/cm³	Solid	17
86	RnRadon	0.00973 g/cm³ (9.73 g/L)	Gas	18
87	FrFrancium	not measured	Solid	1
88	RaRadium	5 g/cm³	Solid	2
89	AcActinium	10.07 g/cm³	Solid	f
90	ThThorium	11.72 g/cm³	Solid	f
91	PaProtactinium	15.37 g/cm³	Solid	f
92	UUranium	18.95 g/cm³	Solid	f
93	NpNeptunium	20.25 g/cm³	Solid	f
94	PuPlutonium	19.84 g/cm³	Solid	f
95	AmAmericium	13.69 g/cm³	Solid	f
96	CmCurium	13.51 g/cm³	Solid	f
97	BkBerkelium	14 g/cm³	Solid	f
98	CfCalifornium	not measured	Solid	f
99	EsEinsteinium	not measured	Solid	f
100	FmFermium	not measured	Solid	f
101	MdMendelevium	not measured	Solid	f
102	NoNobelium	not measured	Solid	f
103	LrLawrencium	not measured	Solid	f
104	RfRutherfordium	not measured	Unknown	4
105	DbDubnium	not measured	Unknown	5
106	SgSeaborgium	not measured	Unknown	6
107	BhBohrium	not measured	Unknown	7
108	HsHassium	not measured	Unknown	8
109	MtMeitnerium	not measured	Unknown	9
110	DsDarmstadtium	not measured	Unknown	10
111	RgRoentgenium	not measured	Unknown	11
112	CnCopernicium	not measured	Unknown	12
113	NhNihonium	not measured	Unknown	13
114	FlFlerovium	not measured	Unknown	14
115	McMoscovium	not measured	Unknown	15
116	LvLivermorium	not measured	Unknown	16
117	TsTennessine	not measured	Unknown	17
118	OgOganesson	not measured	Unknown	18

22 of the 118 elements have no published density. For the heavy synthetic elements that do have one, the figure is calculated from the expected crystal structure, not measured.

More on the periodic table

Interactive periodic tableAll 118 elements Charges & oxidation statesWhat ion each element forms Electron configurationsFull and shorthand notation Atomic mass tableIUPAC standard atomic weights ElectronegativityPauling values, every element Valence electronsOuter-shell counts by group Melting & boiling pointsIn °C and kelvin Groups & periodsAll 18 groups explained Printable periodic tablesFree PDFs to print Element quizTest yourself on symbols Molar mass calculatorAny formula, broken down by element Chemical equation balancerWith the atom count on both sides Molar mass of compoundsWorked out for 121 common compounds

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the densest element?

Osmium, at 22.57 g/cm³, with iridium a very close second. Both are well clear of lead (11.34 g/cm³), which intuition tends to nominate. A 10 cm cube of osmium would weigh about 22.6 kg — roughly what a full carry-on suitcase is allowed to weigh.

What is the least dense element?

Hydrogen, at 0.00008988 g/cm³ (0.08988 g/L) as a gas. Among solids, lithium is lightest at 0.534 g/cm³, which is low enough to float on water — and it reacts with the water while floating.

Why is osmium denser than uranium when the uranium atom is heavier?

Because density depends on how much room each atom takes up as well as how much it weighs. A uranium atom is heavier but occupies considerably more volume; osmium pairs a heavy atom with a small atomic radius and very tight packing, and that combination wins. Density is mass per volume, not mass alone.

Why are gas densities such small numbers here?

Because they are quoted in g/cm³ like everything else, which keeps the column in one unit. A gas is about a thousand times less dense than a solid, so the figures run to several leading zeros. This table adds the g/L value in brackets for gases, which is how they are normally cited: hydrogen is 0.08988 g/L.

At what temperature are these densities measured?

Solids and liquids are given at room temperature, gases at 0 °C and 1 atm. Density changes with temperature — most substances expand when heated and so get less dense — so a value quoted without conditions is incomplete. For the heavy synthetic elements the figures are calculated from the expected crystal structure rather than measured.